无锡翻译技巧四:词性的转译
英语和汉语词的分类大致相同,词类的语法功能也相差无几。然而,翻译时却未必能英汉对应。例如:
As soon as we realize this fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.
只要我们意识到这一点,我们就能明白选择适当的教育体制的重要性。
可以说,英语和汉语的大多数词类在互译时均可转换,其中常见的有动词---名词和形容词---副词的相互转译。
(1) 动词---名词的相互转译
But when they did, their life changed. (动词)
但是当他们确实会种庄稼的时候,他们的生活发生了变化。(名词)
(2) 形容词---副词的相互转译
To be sure every city has its "fancy" apartments in what we might call the "high rent district".(形容词)
当然,每个城市的所谓"高租金区"都有自己的"高级"公寓。(副词)
On this question people of different age groups think differently. (副词)
关于这个问题,不同年龄组的人有不同的想法。(形容词)
由于原句的动词think 转化为汉语的名词,故修饰think 的副词differently也相应地转化为汉语的形容词。
(3)名词-动词的相互转译
She was also cut out in paper, but she had a dress of the clearest gauze.
女郎也是用卡纸剪的,但是她却穿着透明的纱裙。
与英语句子只有一个谓语动词相对比,汉语里动词用得比较多,一句话里可以有好几个动词。因此,英语的众多词类都有可能转译成汉语的动词。比如:
In simple terms, under the new program private employment contractors will be paid fees for performance. (介词)
简单地说,根据新的计划,私营就业中间商可以凭他们的工作表现而得到酬金。(动词)
Open the door and let me in, please. (副词)
请打开门让我进去。(动词)
由此可见,词类转译是表达的需要,转译得当可以摆脱原句的束缚,使译文自然顺畅。