无锡同传翻译的七个翻译技巧

 　　同声传译是指传译员利用专门的同声传译设备，坐在隔音的同传室(俗称“箱子”)里，一面通过耳机收听源语发言人连续不断的讲话，一面几乎同步地对着话筒把讲话人所表达的全部信息内容准确、完整地传译成目的语，其译语输出通过话筒输送。需要传译服务的与会者，可以通过接收装置，调到自己所需的语言频道，从耳机中收听相应的译语输出。同声传译的要求很高，然而除了足够多的练习之外，要做好同传还应该知道一些技巧，无锡翻译公司与大家分享几条有关汉英同传的翻译技巧。

　　1.Anticipation预测

　　在发言人话说到一半时，预测到后半句可能要讲的内容，超前翻译。预测要建立在丰富的经验上：

　　Linguistic anticipation语言预测：利用对句式结构和语言搭配的丰富经验，根据上半句的结构判断出下半句的大体状况。

　　Extra-linguistic anticipation语言外预测：利用对会议内容的丰富经验，与对发言人语言基调的判断，预测发言人的发言内容。

　　例如：

　　1. 十三亿人口的中国保持稳定和加快发展，对促进亚太地区及世界的稳定性和发展，具有极其重要的意义。

　　China has 1.3 billion people. To maintainits stability and accelerate its development is playing an important role in the stability and development in Asia-Pacific and the world atlarge.

　　根据汉语中“对…”结构，译员可以凭经验猜测后面大概是“发挥作用”、“扮演角色”一类的表述，故大胆让英语中这个结构提前出现。

　　2. 我谨代表中国政府，并以我个人的名义，对各位来自英国的代表们表示热烈的欢迎，并向所有关心中国经济发展的朋友们表示衷心的感谢!预祝本次大会取得圆满成功!

　　On behalf of the Chinese Government, and in my personal name, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to the delegates from the UK. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all friends who are interested in China’s economic development. I wish this conference a complete success!

　　在每场会议都会出现类似用语。听到“对…”和“向…”后就知道后面肯定是“欢迎”和“致谢”。

　　2.Paraphrasing意译

　　在没有百分之百听懂源语时，为避免出现大段空白，或避免翻译出现实质性错误，应变翻译为意译，将困难局面模糊地应付过去。

　　例如：

　　某代表谈到欧盟农业政策时，说到“If the CIF price of produce at the community border is below the guideline price as determined under the Common Market Organization, then a levy,

　　which is not a tariff duty, is imposed.”

　　译文：如果在欧盟边境农产品的CIF价格低于欧盟官方的指导价，则需征收一种特别税。

　　这种意译法虽然不是很到位，但总比勉强为之，反而译错了Common Market Organization和levy要好。

　　Stressing强调

　　(1) 今天，专心致志进行现代化建设的中国人民，更加需要一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边环境。

　　Today, the Chinese people who are committed to modernization need more than ever a long-term international environment of peace and a favorable neighboring environment.

　　(2)这次访问给予我一直以来都向往的机会，来亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成就。

　　This visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought after to see for myself the achievements of the Chinese people.

　　3.Simplification简约

　　对于原文中出现的无法译成目的语的材料或技术性较强的材料，通过省略一些源于中可有可无或者有违目的语表达习惯的结构，来争取口译时间，使译语更通畅。

　　例子：

　　一、汉译英时，省略重复冗余的修辞性表达。

　　1. 任何人不得将个人利益置于国家利益和社会利益之上。

　　Nobody shall place his own interests abovethose of the state and the society.

　　2. 中国一贯主张裁军，反对一切军备竞赛，既反对常规军备竞赛，更反对核军备竞赛;既反对地面上的军备竞赛，也反对在太空进行的军备竞赛。

　　China consistently stands for disarmamentand is opposed to all kinds of arms race, conventional or nuclear, on theground or in outer space.

　　二、汉译英时，省略次要的信息。

　　(1)我们应该牢牢把握中美关系的大局，妥善解决分歧，不断朝着增进了解、扩大共识、发展合作、共创未来的目标前进。

　　We should take a firm hold of the overall interests of Sino-US relation and settle our differences properly so as to develop mutual understanding, cooperation and a better future.

　　(2)所有人都可以借助互联网资源来学习，不论他们是哪个民族、何种性别、何种肤色，只要他们可以接入互联网，都能进行学习。

　　All can study with the help of Internet resources, regardless of their race, nationality, and gender, as long as they have access to the Internet.

　　4.Addition增补

　　汉译英时，要适当增加一些起润滑作用的虚词，使译语逻辑关系更明确。

　　例如：

　　(1)中国是一个有五千年文明历x史的国家，从历史文化来了解和认识中国，是一个重要的视角。

　　China is a country with 5,000 years ofcivilization. Therefore, to approach China from its history and culture forms an important perspective.

　　加Therefore使逻辑关系更明确。

　　几天来，我同霍克总理和澳大利亚政府其他领导人进行了深入和有益的会谈，同澳大利亚各界人士就能行了广泛的接触。我对中澳关系的前景更加满怀信心。

　　In these past few days, I have heldin-depth and beneficial talks with Prime Minister Hawk and other leaders of the Australian Government, as well as met with Australian personnel of various walks of life. As a result, I am even more confident about the future of Sino-Australian relations.

　　加as well as和as a result使逻辑关系更明确。

　　(2)实践已充分证明，广东的发展离不开港澳，港澳的发展也离不开广东，德江书记在今年春节前夕一次座谈会上也降到：”港澳好，广东好;广东好，港澳好”。

　　It has been fully proved that Guangdong’sdevelopment couldn’t have been achieved without Hong Kong and Macau, while the development of Hong Kong and Macau couldn’t have been achieved without Guangdong either. Secretary Zhang Dejiang of the CPC Provincial Committee, in one of his meetings before the Spring Festival this year, also remarked, “If Hong Kong and Macau are prosperous, Guangdong will be prosperous too. And vice versa.”

　　补充了背景信息，并加强了各独立结构之间的逻辑关系。

　　5.Conversion转换

　　在英语中，动意常常用名词来表达。在汉语中，动意常常用动词结构来表达。

　　汉译英时，常常要将汉语的动词转换成英语的非动词。

　　例子：

　　(1)总统批准增加拨款500万美元，解决沙漠部队饮水问题。

　　The president has approved an additional 5 million US dollars to provide the desert troops with drinking water.

　　(2) 我此次访问的范围很广。这表明我国政府认识到中国正在进行的现代化建设的重要性及其对两国关系可能产生的影响。

　　The extentof my visit symbolizes my Government’s awareness of the importance of the modernization taking place in China and the implications of that for our relationship

　　(3) 依靠市场力量和竞争，促进企业进取精神，在追求经济效率的过程中，这些已成为所有国家的共同点。

　　Reliance on market forces and competitiveness and promotion of entrepreneurial initiative in the pursuit of economic efficiency, have become common features of all countries.

　　6.Opposition反说

　　主被动变通(主动→被动)

　　英语中存在大量被动句，而汉语存在大量主动句。

　　例如：

　　品牌名称是能看得见、能说出来、能写出来的，而品牌标识是只能看得见而不能说出来的。(主动)

　　A brandname can be seen, spoken out and written out, while a brand logo can only beseen instead of being spoken out.(被动)

　　7.Generalization归纳

　　提前对内容进行的预测性归纳：namely

　　对已经完成的内容进行总结性归纳：among others, so on

　　汉译英时，常常要将汉语的动词转换成英语的非动词。

　　例子：

　　沿海开放城市的任务是认真抓好现有企业技术改造，更新工艺技术，提高经营管理水平，致力于传统产品的更新换代和新产品的开发。

　　The coastal open cities should fulfill these tasks: conscientiously carrying out transformationand upgrading of technologies, improving the management and making efforts in improvement of the traditional products and the development of new products.